Smallholder tea farming remains an important source of rural livelihoods in Kenya, with the Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) coordinating production support services for more than 600,000 smallholder tea farmers. Despite the contribution of the tea sector to Kenya’s economy, many tea-growing households continue to experience rising production costs, constrained savings, and limited capacity for asset accumulation. This paper reviews literature on KTDA input supply systems and examines their influence on the economic well-being of smallholder tea farmers in Kericho County, Kenya. Guided by New Institutional Economics as the anchor theory and supported by Institutional Theory and Resource Dependence Theory, the review synthesizes evidence relating to centralized input procurement, fertilizer distribution, cost recovery arrangements, extension support, and household economic outcomes. A qualitative desktop literature review approach was adopted using scholarly publications, institutional reports, government publications, and policy documents. The review indicates that centralized input procurement can improve access to essential farm inputs and reduce transaction costs, but delayed delivery, rising fertilizer costs, and automatic deductions may constrain disposable income, savings, and household financial resilience. The review identifies a significant empirical gap concerning the influence of KTDA input supply systems on multidimensional indicators of economic well-being among smallholder tea farmers in Kericho County.