Kenya is among Africa's largest refugee-hosting countries, with over 836,000 registered refugees and asylum seekers residing primarily in the Dadaab and Kakuma camp complexes and in urban centres such as Nairobi. This article presents a desktop review of the factors that shape peaceful coexistence between refugees and host communities in Kenya. Drawing on intergroup contact theory and the broader social cohesion literature, the review synthesises evidence on resource competition, host community attitudes, institutional and governance quality, and inter-group social interaction as the principal determinants of coexistence outcomes. The review finds that competition over land, water, and livelihoods remains the most consistently identified source of tension, particularly in arid and semi-arid hosting areas affected by recurrent drought, while the quality and frequency of everyday social contact between refugees and hosts can either mitigate or exacerbate these pressures depending on context. Kenya's recent policy shift from encampment toward integrated settlement, embodied in the Refugees Act 2021 and the 2025 Shirika Plan, represents a significant attempt to address structural drivers of tension, but implementation gaps, unresolved land questions, and uneven host community consultation continue to constrain its effectiveness. The review concludes that peaceful coexistence in Kenya's refugee-hosting areas depends on the simultaneous management of material scarcity, institutional credibility, and social contact, rather than any single intervention in isolation.