This study explores the role of indigenous leafy vegetables (ILVs) in promoting biodiversity conservation within rural agricultural systems in Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya. Recognized for their ecological adaptability, ILVs contribute significantly to genetic diversity and provide critical ecosystem services, such as soil enrichment and pollination support, which are essential for sustaining agricultural productivity. Through the lens of Agroecology Theory, this research examines how ILVs aid in maintaining ecological balance by requiring minimal agricultural inputs and thriving in local conditions. Data collected from 320 participants in the Marakwet and Sengwer communities reveal that ILVs play a key role in supporting biodiversity, contributing to ecosystem resilience and agricultural sustainability. However, challenges such as inadequate market infrastructure and limited commercialization constrain the full ecological and economic potential of ILVs. This study underscores the importance of targeted policies to enhance market access and awareness, ensuring that ILVs are fully integrated into sustainable agricultural practices. Strengthening ILV adoption can support biodiversity conservation efforts and foster ecological resilience within rural Kenyan landscapes.