The process of putting a policy into practice is called implementation. Implementation is concerned with the environment in which policy is put into action. It is argued that a population group is facing food insecurity when they do not have adequate physical and monetary access to quality, nourishing food that meets their dietary needs and nutritional preferences for a healthy and active lifestyle. Given its large population, severe poverty, and high rates of malnutrition, Kenya faces a struggle with food security and nutrition. Important objectives of policy implementation research include identifying, creating, and testing implementation strategies. This study intended to examine particular policy implementation strategies intended to reduce food insecurity in Murang'a County. Examining the mediating role of regulatory framework on policy implementation strategies is the study's key objective. To completely address the research objective, a descriptive research strategy was employed for both qualitative and quantitative data. A sample of 50 people was randomly selected from a target population of 105 respondents with the target demographic being representatives of the Murang'a County Department of Agriculture and Agricultural Extension Officers to put research findings into context. SPSS was used to analyze quantitative data; statistics computed included analysis of variance and correlations to search for linkages or a lack thereof between key variables. Key findings showed that the food security situation in the country has deteriorated in the last decade and that stability of food supply is Kenya’s most important food security challenge. The study further revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between regulatory frameworks and effective policy implementation strategies. Among key recommendations for the study were to robustly involve the private sector for implementation of policies; train agricultural extension officers to equip them with relevant know- how of policy implementation; review and harmonization of existing policies with the National food security goals and objectives; and allocation of a clear budget for implementation policies geared towards mitigation of food insecurity.

The paper examined the role of transformative and ethical leadership styles in promoting inclusive service delivery within Kenya's public sector. Drawing upon a desktop research methodology and synthesizing findings from academic journals, reports, and case studies, the study highlighted the significance of leadership practices in shaping organizational effectiveness and service delivery outcomes. The empirical review reveals a concerning trend regarding the ethical conduct of leaders in Kenya's public sector, with Transparency International's findings indicating a lack of ethical behavior perceived by only 34% of public sector employees. Moreover, the importance of inclusive leadership is underscored, given Kenya's diverse demographic landscape. The identified gaps in ethical and transformative leadership contribute to public dissatisfaction with service delivery. Addressing these shortcomings necessitates cultivating leaders who prioritize ethical conduct, embrace inclusivity, and are committed to effecting transformative change within the public sector. Recommendations include prioritizing ethical leadership practices, promoting inclusive leadership, investing in leadership development programs, prioritizing employee engagement, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Implementing these recommendations can lay the foundation for sustainable socio-economic development and inclusive growth within Kenya's public sector.

This study is a review aimed at understanding how Kenyan politics have impacted Kenya’s food security. According to the Global Hunger Index 2018, Kenya still has “serious levels of hunger” with a score of 23.2 and a ranking of 77 out of 119 countries. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Kenya prides itself as an agriculturally rich country with agriculture being Kenya’s greatest contributor to its GDP. Despite this however, Kenya is still in the ranks of food insecure countries. The objective of this study is thus to understand how political stability impacts food security and to understand what policies have been formulated in alignment to Goal 2 of Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs): ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. The study is thus aimed at creating awareness of the struggles of hunger among Kenyans and offering recommendations on what can be done to ensure food security for the Kenyan population. Desktop research will be used in carrying out the study. The study will help to increase commitment and resources dedicated to ending hunger in Kenya thus achieving Zero hunger by 2030.

This study aimed to determine how strategy formulation and resource mobilization affect public secondary school academic performance. In this study, the Goal Setting Theory, Adaptive Leadership Theory, and the Trait Leadership Theory were used with the anchor theory being the Trait Leadership Theory. The study was conducted using a descriptive research design, with a target population of 110 where census sampling was adopted. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS. The Findings showed that strategy formulation influences public schools’ academic success in a significant way, and these practices have a major effect on academic performance. The findings also showed that resource allocation has a significant impact on academic performance. The study recommends that principals are in charge of policy formation, which sets the direction in which the school is headed. BoM meeting is a requirement and allocating adequate resources that facilitate the running of the school and extracurricular activities that enhance academic success. Thus, each phase of the strategy development process should involve input from the management team.

Despite all the disaster risk management measures that are in place, disaster risks are still the order of the day in Baringo County. This research aimed at assessing effect of disaster risk management systems on disaster risk resilience of Kenyan counties a case for Baringo County. Specifically, the study aimed at determining the effects of disaster risk, disaster risk governance, risk reduction measures and disaster preparedness measures on disaster risk resilience in Kenyan counties. System Theory, Institutional Theory, and Stakeholder Theory were the theoretical framework underpinning the study and employed a cross-sectional case study method. 405 officers were targeted who work in sectors with responsibility for disaster risk management within Baringo County A multi-staged sampling technique was used to get the research subjects. Data collection was done using structured questionnaire. The quantitative data collected was analyzed quantitatively by use of descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS software version 27. A multiple regression model was applied to demonstrate the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable of disaster risk resilience and the results was presented in tables, charts and bars. With a study response rate of 84.7, the overall study findings showed that there exists a strong positive relation between the independent and the dependent variables as shown by R = 0.799 and R2 = 0.638 this means that 64% of variation in disaster risk resilience can be explained by changes in all the independent variables. The level of significance was <0.000 thus the overall regression model significantly predicted the dependent variables. the findings also showed that disaster preparedness measures were the predictor that most affects disaster risk resilience in Baringo County with Unstandardized coefficient (β) value of .479 followed by disaster risk reduction measure with β of .205. Disaster risk awareness was the least significant determinant of disaster risk resilience in Baringo County with Unstandardized coefficient β of .047. This study recommends that Baringo County government and its partners need to continue strengthening investment in all four independent variables as evident has shown they play complimentary role in addressing disaster risk resilience it also pointed out on specifics areas of weakness that the county government needs to give special attention including the need to adequately integrate disaster risk education in the county civic education programme, need to carry out regular Disaster Risk Assessment and dissemination of risk information, strengthening implementation of sectoral Disaster risk reduction strategies and plans, strengthening financial resources allocation for Disaster Risk Reduction interventions through annual budgets, strengthen roll out of environmental. Climate change actions and natural resource management approaches that incorporate disaster risk reduction, strengthen enforcement of construction planning to ensure they consider disaster preparedness provisions, strengthen and enhance allocation of emergency/contingency funds for effective and timely response and recovery to disaster events. Further it recommends that future study to investigate the perception of the communities in Baringo about the effect of disaster risk management systems on their individual disaster risk resilience.

This research mainly evaluated the effect of product diversification and pricing on penetration of microinsurance. From the analyzed data, the study revealed that product diversification, with a mean score of 3.93 and a Beta of 0.328, significantly predicts microinsurance penetration by meeting diverse customer needs and expanding into underserved areas. Pricing strategies, crucial for competitiveness, show a mean score of 4.98 and a Beta of 0.210, indicating their role in balancing affordability and profitability for customer acquisition and retention. Main recommendations include further research on product diversification and dynamic pricing models, supportive policies for transparency and subsidies, practical training on product development and technology integration, and curriculum development for future professionals. The study concludes that strategic focus on these factors will enhance microinsurance penetration, financial inclusion, and sectoral growth.

This paper investigated the impact of taxation regime and political climate—on performance of tours and travel firms. The descriptive survey design was employed targeting 147 management-level staff from 49 firms, with a representative sample of 108 respondents obtained through stratified random sampling and Yamane's formula. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics, including means, percentages, ranges, standard deviations, correlation coefficients, and frequencies. The qualitative data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 22) and content analysis. The findings showed that the taxation regime had the highest positive correlation with firm performance (r = 0.753), highlighting its significant influence on operational efficiency and financial outcomes. The political climate also significantly affected performance (B = 0.068, p = 0.040), influencing operational continuity and market confidence. The multiple regression model explained 62.99% of the variance in firm performance. Recommendations include optimizing tax policies and maintaining political stability. More research should consider longitudinal studies especially on long-term impacts and compare effects across various industries.