The influence of transformational and transactional styles of leadership on the performance of the organization PPRA (Public Procurement Regulatory Authority) in Kenya is investigated in this study. Based on Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory (1969) a descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized using data from 95 of 134 staff. Using the SPSS version 28 program for quantitative analysis, the study shows all leadership styles has significant positive correlations with performance. Regression analysis results show leadership styles explain 79.3% (R² = 793) of the performance variation. Transformational leaders exhibited positive leadership styles and behaviours that encouraged followers in some way. According to the findings hybrid leadership model will improve the efficiency, accountability, and innovation at the level of public regulatory institutions in Kenya. Unlike most organizational performance-promoting factors, leadership styles have a powerful

The report explores the imperative task of addressing inequalities and fostering resilience as keystones for sustainable development in Ghana and the rest of African countries. By dissecting the multifaceted dimensions of environmental protection, the report illuminates the intricate interplay of factors shaping the development landscape. Through a synthesis of prevailing research findings and existing policy frameworks, this proposes a roadmap for actionable strategies aimed at 1015obilizati resources and harnessing political and social networks to drive substantive progress. Central to the report’s narrative is the recognition of the pivotal role played by collaboration among governmental entities, civil society organisations, the private sector, and community representatives. Drawing on insights gleaned from empirical studies and practical experiences, the report underscores the significance of efficient resource allocation and coordinated efforts in facilitating the implementation of targeted action plans. At its core, the report advocates for a holistic approach to sustainable development, one that transcends traditional sectoral boundaries and embraces an integrated, collaborative ethos. By fostering inclusive dialogue, promoting knowledge exchange, and nurturing partnerships, the report envisions a future where sustainable development goals are not merely aspirational but attainable realities. In conclusion, this report serves as a call to action for all stakeholders invested in the pursuit of sustainable development in the region. It underscores the urgency of addressing entrenched inequalities and building resilience in the face of evolving challenges. Through collective action and shared commitment, Ghana and its African countries can forge a path towards a more equitable, prosperous, and sustainable future.

This study investigated the mediating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic containment measures and performance of SMEs beverage manufacturing sector in Accra, Ghana. The research adopted cross-sectional design and an exploratory design. A quantitative research approach was used to analysis empirical data collected. The study used self- administered research questionnaires as instruments for data collection. Primary data was relied upon to obtain the requisite data for analysis. The primary data was collected from a sample consisting of one hundred (100) respondents from a population of five hundred (500) leaders and Owner/CEOs of the selected SMEs using stratified sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The data was analysed using the structural equation model (SmartPLS 3.0). The findings indicated that COVID-19 containment measures did not have a significant effect on performance of SMEs beverage manufacturing sector. COVID-19 containment measures significantly influence transformational leadership. Results showed that transformational leadership has a significant impact on performance of SMEs in beverage manufacturing. The results indicated that transformational leadership mediates the relationship between COVID-19 containment measures and performance of SMEs beverage manufacturing.

This paper examines how digital technologies and green entrepreneurship enhance household resilience in Ghana and Kenya between 2018 and 2024. Drawing on 640 household surveys, 30 key informant interviews, and national datasets, the study shows that households adopting mobile money, renewable energy, and digital agriculture tools reported 12–17% higher crop yields and faster post-shock recovery. Urban households enjoy greater access, but rural households show the largest relative gains when adoption occurs. Crucially, the findings reveal that resilience is not only technological but also institutional: where cooperatives, village leaders, and local finance systems supported adoption, recovery was faster and more inclusive. The study links these outcomes to SDG 7 (Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent Work), and SDG 13 (Climate Action), but warns of persisting digital divides. Unlike earlier work that treats digital or green innovation in isolation, this study integrates them under a leadership-driven model of resilience. The results offer both a scholarly contribution— demonstrating how local leadership mediates technology impact—and a practical roadmap for policymakers and businesses seeking to close rural–urban gaps.

The study focused on Capwell Industries Ltd. in Thika, Kenya, and investigated the effects of staff development initiatives on performance of manufacturing industry in the manufacturing industry. The study specifically aimed to assess the effects of career development, induction training, on-the-job training, and continuous professional learning on performance of manufacturing industry. 180 employees were chosen as the study population, and a descriptive research approach was used. The study was based on the resource-based view of the organization, experiential learning theory, and human capital theory. A stratified random sample of 90 respondents was chosen. Prior to data collection utilizing structured questionnaires, ten respondents from a comparable Thika manufacturing company took part in a pilot test to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instruments. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 31was used to examine the data. To investigate the connections between performance outcomes and staff development programs, descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies, and percentages were used in conjunction with inferential statistics. The results showed that Capwell Industries Ltd.'s performance of manufacturing industry was positively and significantly impacted by staff development techniques. Employee integration was enhanced by induction training, on-the-job training enhanced efficiency, career development increased motivation, and continuous professional development promoted adaptability and innovation. Collectively, these strategies contributed to higher productivity and operational effectiveness. The study concluded that staff development is a key driver of organizational success and recommended that manufacturing firms adopt integrated and continuous development programs to enhance employee capability and achieve sustainable performance outcomes.

Humanitarian relief is the provision of lifesaving assistance to those in the need, including victims of conflicts and natural disasters. This has led to less productivity and less engagement of the affected community, negatively affecting their social and economic status. This study examines the effect of partnership on the localization of humanitarian aid of NGO in Wajir County. The findings will provide a critical examination of the relationship between creating partnerships and localization of humanitarian aid. The descriptive research design was adopted with a target population are 280 NGO operating in Wajir County and a sample of 85 respondents that were randomly selected from NGOs that participated in the study. The study used both secondary data and primary data were collected using questionnaires. The questionnaires were piloted to test the validity and reliability prior to actual data collection. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Correlation and linear regression). SPSS version 24.0 was used to aid analysis. Out of the 85- questionnaire administered, 78 were filled and submitted back for analysis. The aggregate mean of 3.76 and standard deviation of 0.871 was recorded on indicators used to measure the partnerships. High values of mean indicated high weights respondents gave in relation to indicators and low values of standard deviation indicated same opinion by respondents in relation to the statements given. This was the same scenario on descriptive statistics of localization of the Humanitarian aid which had aggregate mean of 3.97 and standard deviation of 0.295. Pearsons correlation between partnership and localization of the Humanitarian aid was (r=0.717; p= 0.000) indicating high positive correlation. The model summary indctaed that 51.4% of variation in localization of the Humanitarian aid can be explained by the partnerships created. ANOVA results gave a F-value of 20.617; p=0.000, indicating that partnerships is a significant predictor of localization of the Humanitarian aid. The regression coefficient of 0.459 indicated that a unit increase in partnerships would increase localization of the Humanitarian aid by 0.459 and this was statistically significant. The study conclude that partnerships determine localization of humanitarian aid of NGO in Wajir County.

The study investigated how governance structures influence the organizational performance of firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), focusing on board composition and audit committee composition within the theoretical lenses of Agency, Stakeholder, and Stewardship theories. Using a descriptive research design and primary data collected from 138 respondents drawn from a target population of 210 employees, the study applied multiple regression analysis in SPSS (version 28), with validity confirmed through content and face assessment and reliability verified using Cronbach’s alpha (≥0.70). Findings revealed that governance mechanisms significantly affect firm performance individually and collectively, with audit committee composition (β = 0.315) exerting the strongest impact, followed by board diversity (β = 0.193), highlighting the value of specialized oversight, diversity, and independent monitoring. The results reinforce the importance of accountability, transparency, and ESG principles as articulated in the guiding theories. Policy recommendations call for the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) and NSE to enhance governance guidelines through mandated gender and expertise diversity, stronger board independence, ESG disclosure requirements, and routine governance audits. Managerially, firms are encouraged to strengthen board capacity, implement succession planning, provide continuous training, establish specialized audit committees, and conduct annual board evaluations to ensure strategic alignment. The study further recommends future research on governance effects on non-financial performance, comparative studies within the East African region, and longitudinal designs to assess the long-term impact of governance reforms on firm sustainability and performance.